MIES (Switzerland) - Experts analyze all BCL games each week. In order to improve the understanding of referees' decisions and to increase transparency, we publish some of those Tough Calls, along with an explanation.

TC1: Galatasaray vs. Promitheas Patras BC Vikos Cola - BLOCKING FOUL

White 19 dribbles to the basket and makes a lay-up. A contact with Black 10 occurs and the referee calls a charging foul to White 19.

Art. 33.6: A player who has jumped into the air from a place on the court has the right to land on another place on the court provided that the landing place and the direct path between the take-off and landing place is not already occupied by an opponent(s) at the time of take-off

Outcome: Incorrect decision by the referee. Black 10 was still moving into the path of White 19, after White 19 had taken off from the court, to make his lay-up. This is a blocking foul by Black 10 and 2 free throws should have been awarded to White 19.

TC2: Filou Oostende vs. King Szczecin - TRAVELLING

Yellow 9 is dribbling the ball, he loses control and tries to regain control of the ball and finally manages to catch it and makes a pass. The referee calls a travelling violation.

Art. 25.1.1: Travelling is the illegal movement of one foot or both feet beyond the limits outlined in this article, in any direction, while holding a live ball on the court.

Art. 24.1.3: A player who accidentally loses and then regains control of a live ball on the court is considered to have fumbled the ball

Outcome: Incorrect decision by the referee. Yellow 9 was not holding the ball when the violation was called so it cannot be travelling. This is a fumble, and the play should have continued.

TC3: Peristeri Domino's vs. Manisa Basket - CHARGE

Yellow 8 receives the ball and jumps for a lay-up. A contact with Black 99 occurs and the referee calls a charging foul to Yellow 8.

Art. 33.4: When judging a charge/block situation involving a player with the ball, a referee shall use the following principles:

• The defensive player must establish an initial legal guarding position by facing the player with the ball and having both feet on the court.

• The defensive player may remain stationary, jump vertically, move laterally or backwards in order to maintain the initial legal guarding position.

• When moving to maintain the initial legal guarding position, one foot or both feet may be off the court for an instant, as long as the movement is lateral or backwards, but not towards the player with the ball.

• Contact must occur on the torso; in which case the defensive player would be considered as having been at the place of contact first.

• Having established a legal guarding position, the defensive player may turn within the cylinder to avoid injury.

In any of the above situations, the contact shall be considered as having been caused by the player with the ball.

Art. 33.6: A player who has jumped into the air from a place on the court has the right to land on another place on the court provided that the landing place and the direct path between the take-off and landing place is not already occupied by an opponent(s) at the time of take-off

Outcome: Correct decision by the referee. Black 99 had already established a legal guarding position before Yellow 8 took off. This is a team control foul by Yellow 8, for charging.

TC4: FMP SoccerBet vs. UCAM Murcia - SCREENING

After a basket, White 0 dribbles the ball to his frontcourt guarded by Red 31. White 32 sets a screen and the referees consider it a legal screen. The play continues.

Art. 33.7: Illegal screening is when the player who is screening an opponent:

• Was moving when contact occurred.

• Did not give sufficient distance in setting a screen outside the field of vision of a stationary opponent when contact occurred.

• Did not respect the elements of time and distance of an opponent in motion when contact occurred.

If the opponent is in motion, the elements of time and distance shall apply. The screener must leave enough space so that the player who is being screened is able to avoid the screen by stopping or changing direction.

The distance required is never less than 1 and never more than 2 normal steps.

Outcome: Incorrect decision by the referees. White 32 screen was illegal as he did not allow enough time and distance, on a moving opponent, Red 31.

FIBA